"This is very interesting because, for the first time, we will be able to compare the distortion of time with that of space, to test if general relativity is valid, and we will also be able to compare the distortion of time with the velocity of galaxies, to see if Euler's equation is valid. "It will be possible to measure the distortion of time with the data delivered by these surveys," Bonvin said. The team's method could be employed by future missions, including the European Space Agency's Euclid telescope, which is set to launch in July, and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, which is three years into its five-year survey of the universe. If this is the case, then dark matter will not obey the Euler equation." It may very well be that dark matter is affected by additional forces or interactions in our universe besides gravity. "As a consequence, we don't know if dark matter obeys the Euler equation. We have only felt its presence gravitationally," Bonvin said. "We have never observed a particle of dark matter directly. Da Vinci understood key aspect of gravity centuries before Einstein, lost sketches reveal Something is wrong with Einstein's theory of gravity Specifically, the team's proposed measurement of time distortion could prove whether dark matter obeys Euler's equation, as prior studies of time distortion have presumed. The team's new method could also test another leading theory of the cosmos: Euler's formula, which astronomers use to calculate the movement of galaxies. That means that by measuring the distortion of time and comparing it to the distortion of space, physicists can test the validity of general relativity. In general relativity, the distortions of time and space are predicted to be the same in other theories of gravity, this is not always the case. "However, the amplitude of the time distortion - how much the presence of a massive object slows down time - varies from theory to theory." "Time distortion exists in all modern theories of gravity," Bonvin said. Time distortion suggests that time is not absolute in our universe but rather passes at varying rates depending on gravitational fields.This idea is not exclusive to general relativity. The name is an homage to predictions about space-time made in Einstein's theory of relativity. When distant starlight bends around the gravity of a closer foreground object, it may make an 'Einstein ring' like this. … By measuring gravitational redshift, we obtain a measurement of the distortion of time." "As a consequence, the color of the light is changed it is shifted to red.
"This climb changes the frequency of the light because time passes at different rates inside and outside of the gravitational well," she said. Bonvin said the difference here is that this technique measures redshift caused as light attempts to climb out of a gravitational well, a "dent" in space-time created by a massive object. The method suggests testing time distortion by measuring redshift, the change in the frequency of light an object emits as it moves away from us. We propose a method to measure the distortion of time at very large distances." "It has been measured for planes flying around the Earth, for stars in our galaxy, and also for clusters of galaxies. "Time distortion predicted by general relativity has already been measured very precisely at small distances," Camille Bonvin, lead study author and an associate professor at the University of Geneva, told Live Science via email.
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